Publications
2026
2025
Genetic Programming for Explainable Manifold Learning
IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computational Intelligence, 2025 (Early Access)
Re-Identifying Kākā with AI-Automated Video Key Frame Extraction
arXiv, October 2025
2024
Explaining Genetic Programming Trees using Large Language Models
arXiv, March 2024
Interpretable Local Explanations Through Genetic Programming
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) Companion, July 2024
Re-Identification of Individual Kākā: An Explainable DINO-Based Model
Proceedings of the International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ), December 2024
2023
Explainable Artificial Intelligence by Genetic Programming: A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, November 2023
A Genetic Programming Encoder for Increasing Autoencoder Interpretability
Proceedings of the European Conference on Genetic Programming (EuroGP), April 2023
Feature-based Image Matching for Identifying Individual Kākā
arXiv, January 2023
Producing Diverse Rashomon Sets of Counterfactual Explanations with Niching Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithms
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO), July 2023
Differentiable Genetic Programming for High-dimensional Symbolic Regression
arXiv, April 2023
Explainable AI–building trust through understanding
Matt Lythe, Gabriella Mazorra Cos, Maria Mingallon, Andrew Lensen, Christopher Galloway, David Knox, Sarah Auvaa, Kaushalya Kumarasinghe
AI Forum New Zealand, November 2023
2022
Genetic Programming for Manifold Learning: Preserving Local Topology
IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, August 2022
Large Scale Image Classification Using GPU-based Genetic Programming
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) Companion, July 2022
Improving the Search of Learning Classifier Systems Through Interpretable Feature Clustering
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) Companion, July 2022
Evolving Counterfactual Explanations with Particle Swarm Optimization and Differential Evolution
Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), July 2022
Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Assault Sentence Prediction in New Zealand
Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, August 2022
Using Neural Networks to Automate Monitoring of Fish Stocks
Proceedings of the Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), December 2022
Speeding up Genetic Programming Based Symbolic Regression Using GPUs
Proceedings of the Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence (PRICAI), November 2022
2021
Genetic Programming for Evolving a Front of Interpretable Models for Data Visualization
IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, November 2021
Mining Feature Relationships in Data
Andrew Lensen
Proceedings of the European Conference on Genetic Programming (EuroGP), April 2021
Genetic Programming for Evolving Similarity Functions Tailored to Clustering Algorithms
Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), June 2021
Using Genetic Programming to Find Functional Mappings for UMAP Embeddings
Finn Schofield, Andrew Lensen
Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), June 2021
2020
Genetic Programming for Evolving Similarity Functions for Clustering: Representations and Analysis
Evolutionary Computation, December 2020
Multi-Objective Genetic Programming for Manifold Learning: Balancing Quality and Dimensionality
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, February 2020
Evolving Simpler Constructed Features for Clustering Problems with Genetic Programming
Finn Schofield, Andrew Lensen
Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), July 2020
2019
Can Genetic Programming Do Manifold Learning Too?
Proceedings of the European Conference on Genetic Programming (EuroGP), April 2019 (Best paper)
A survey on evolutionary machine learning
Harith Al-Sahaf, Ying Bi, Qi Chen, Andrew Lensen, Yi Mei, Yanan Sun, Binh Tran, Bing Xue, Mengjie Zhang
Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, April 2019
Evolutionary Feature Manipulation in Unsupervised Learning
Andrew Lensen
Te Herenga Waka—Victoria University of Wellington, September 2019
2018
Generating Redundant Features with Unsupervised Multi-tree Genetic Programming
Proceedings of the European Conference on Genetic Programming (EuroGP), April 2018
Automatically Evolving Difficult Benchmark Feature Selection Datasets with Genetic Programming
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO), July 2018
Particle Swarm Optimisation for Feature Selection and Weighting in High-Dimensional Clustering
Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), July 2018
2017
New Representations in Genetic Programming for Feature Construction in k-Means Clustering
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning (SEAL), November 2017
Improving k-means clustering with genetic programming for feature construction
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO) Companion, April 2017
GPGC: genetic programming for automatic clustering using a flexible non-hyper-spherical graph-based approach
Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO), July 2017
Using Particle Swarm Optimisation and the Silhouette Metric to Estimate the Number of Clusters, Select Features, and Perform Clustering
Proceedings of the European Conference on the Applications of Evolutionary Computation (EvoApplications), Part I, April 2017
2016
Genetic Programming for Region Detection, Feature Extraction, Feature Construction and Classification in Image Data
Proceedings of the European Conference on Genetic Programming (EuroGP), March 2016
Particle Swarm Optimisation Representations for Simultaneous Clustering and Feature Selection
Proceedings of the Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence (SSCI), December 2016
2015
Genetic Programming for algae detection in river images
Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), May 2015
A hybrid Genetic Programming approach to feature detection and image classification
Proceedings of the International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand (IVCNZ), November 2015